【序数词的用法(课件(PPT演示))】一、什么是序数词?
在英语中,用来表示顺序或排列位置的词称为序数词。它们通常用于描述“第几”这样的概念,例如:第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)等。
与基数词(如 one, two, three)不同,序数词强调的是事物的先后顺序,而不是数量多少。
二、常见的序数词
以下是一些常见序数词的拼写和发音:
| 基数词 | 序数词 | 发音 |
|--------|--------|------|
| one| first| /fɜːrst/ |
| two| second | /ˈsekənd/ |
| three| third| /θɜːrd/ |
| four | fourth | /fɔːrθ/ |
| five | fifth| /fɪfθ/ |
| six| sixth| /sɪksθ/ |
| seven| seventh| /ˈsevənθ/ |
| eight| eighth | /eɪtθ/ |
| nine | ninth| /naɪnθ/ |
| ten| tenth| /tenθ/ |
三、序数词的构成规则
1. 一般情况下,在基数词后加 -th:
- four → fourth
- five → fifth
- ten → tenth
2. 特殊变化:
- one → first
- two → second
- three → third
- five → fifth
- eight → eighth
- nine → ninth
- twelve → twelfth
3. 以 -y 结尾的基数词,将 -y 改为 -i,再加 -eth:
- twenty → twentieth
- thirty → thirtieth
- forty → fortieth
4. 以 -e 结尾的基数词,直接加 -th:
- nine → ninth
- eleven → eleventh
- twelve → twelfth
四、序数词的使用场景
1. 表示日期:
- Today is the first of May.
- Her birthday is on the fifth of June.
2. 表示排名或名次:
- He came in third place.
- She won the first prize.
3. 表示楼层:
- The meeting is on the third floor.
- The elevator goes up to the twentieth floor.
4. 表示序列中的位置:
- The first chapter is very important.
- This is the second time I’ve seen this movie.
五、序数词的缩写形式
在书写中,序数词常以缩写形式出现,例如:
- 1st = first
- 2nd = second
- 3rd = third
- 4th = fourth
- 5th = fifth
- 10th = tenth
- 11th = eleventh
- 12th = twelfth
- 20th = twentieth
- 21st = twenty-first
- 22nd = twenty-second
- 23rd = twenty-third
> 注意:在某些正式场合中,不建议使用缩写,应使用完整的序数词。
六、注意事项
- 在句子中,序数词前面通常需要加定冠词 the。
- ✅ The first day of school is next week.
- ❌ First day of school is next week.
- 序数词不能单独作主语或宾语,必须与名词搭配使用。
- ✅ She is the third person to arrive.
- ❌ She is third.
七、练习与巩固
1. 将下列基数词转换为序数词:
- 7 → __________
- 12 → __________
- 19 → __________
- 20 → __________
- 30 → __________
2. 用正确的序数词填空:
- Today is the ________ of March.
- He finished in ________ place.
- My birthday is on the ________ of December.
- This is the ________ time I’ve visited Paris.
八、总结
- 序数词用于表示顺序、排名或时间上的位置。
- 大多数序数词由基数词加 -th 构成,但有些有特殊变化。
- 使用时需注意添加定冠词 the,并结合具体语境。
- 掌握序数词有助于更准确地表达时间和顺序关系。
结束语:
掌握好序数词的用法,能够帮助我们更自然、准确地进行英语表达。希望本课件能为大家的学习带来帮助!